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Method for Producing Oxycodone July 13, 2001 United States Patent: 6,177,567: A method for the preparation of oxycodone, and salts thereof, from codeine comprising oxidation of codeine to codeinone, formation of an dienolsilyl ether congener of codeinone in strong amine base, oxidation of the dienolsilyl ether congener using peracetic acid, and hydrogenation of the resulting 14-hydroxycodeinone product. Discuss This Article Read The Full Story

Oxycodone from Codeine July 13, 2001 United States Patent: 6,008,355: A process is provided for preparing oxycodone from codeine comprising either: (A) the steps of (1) oxidizing codeine so as to form codeinone; (2) converting codeinone to oxycodone in a two-step-one-pot reaction: first reacting codeinone with hydrogen peroxide in water in the presence of an acid at from about 15.degree. to about 70.degree. C. to form 14-hydroxycodeinone and then catalytically hydrogenating 14-hydroxycodeinone in its original reaction mixture to form oxycodone; or (B) the steps of (1) oxydizing codeine so as to form codeinone; (2) reacting codeinone with an acylating agent so as to form codeinone dienol acylate; (3) oxidizing codeinone dienol acylate with an oxidation agent in water or a solubilizing solvent mixture in the presence of an acid at from about 15.degree. to about 70.degree. C. to form 14-hydroxycodeinone; (4) hydrogenating 14-hydroxycodeinone in its original reaction mixture to form oxycodone. Discuss This Article Read The Full Story

Preparation of noroxymorphone from morphine July 13, 2001 United States Patent: 6,054,584: A process for extracting morphine from opium is described. In the process, opium is extracted with a basic alcoholic solution. The basic alcoholic solution is filtered and the alcohol removed from the filtrate to leave a residue. The residue is then extracted with a basic aqueous solution having a pH of at least 11. The basic aqueous solution may be filtered to remove any solid matter remaining after the aqueous extraction step, and then be stirred with a sufficient amount of a salt to avoid emulsion formation. The basic aqueous solution or filtrate is then extracted with benzene or toluene. Next, adjusting the pH of the basic aqueous filtrate to pH 8.5 to 9.5 allows the morphine to precipitate and be recovered. Discuss This Article Read The Full Story

Process for extracting and purifying morphine from opium July 13, 2001 United States Patent: 6,054,584: A process for extracting morphine from opium is described. In the process, opium is extracted with a basic alcoholic solution. The basic alcoholic solution is filtered and the alcohol removed from the filtrate to leave a residue. The residue is then extracted with a basic aqueous solution having a pH of at least 11. The basic aqueous solution may be filtered to remove any solid matter remaining after the aqueous extraction step, and then be stirred with a sufficient amount of a salt to avoid emulsion formation. The basic aqueous solution or filtrate is then extracted with benzene or toluene. Next, adjusting the pH of the basic aqueous filtrate to pH 8.5 to 9.5 allows the morphine to precipitate and be recovered. Discuss This Article Read The Full Story

High Thebaine Somniferum Strain July 13, 2001 United States Patent: 6,067,749: There is disclosed an improved poppy straw of a stably reproducing Papaver somniferum for the extraction of thebaine and/or oripavine, the threshed straw having thebaine and oripavine constituting about 50% by weight or greater of the alkaloid combination consisting of morphine, codeine, thebaine and oripavine. Discuss This Article Read The Full Story

The Opium Alkaloids July 13, 2001 A shorter introduction to the major alkaloids found in Opium. Discuss This Article Read The Full Story

The Early History of the Poppy and Opium July 13, 2001 The following work, which was first published in the Journal of the Archiological Society of Athens, presents research about the poppy and opium among the ancient Greeks as well as among other peoples of the eastern Mediterranean region. Discuss This Article Read The Full Story

Analasys of Morphine Yield in Various Poppies July 13, 2001 Various papaver varieties were tested for the presence or absence of morphine by method of paper chromatography. The chromosome numbers of various species were counted. Further, for varieties or strains of P. somniferum, the morphine content was determined for the purpose of the plant breeding, chiefly by method of paper chromatography and spectrophotometry. The morphine content of commercial opiums produced by the Japanese cultivators in the crop seasons of 1953/54 and 1954/55 are summarized in this paper. Discuss This Article Read The Full Story